2020-2021学年第四册Unit4Everydayeconomics泛读技能初养成学案

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Unit 4 Everyday economics 阅读教材P44－45课文，选出最佳选项 1．Which one is not the benefit of the sharing economy? A．Saving money. B．Making money. C．Leaking personal information. D．Making friends. 2．What is the author＇s attitude towards the sharing economy? A．Subjective.　　　 B．Objective. C．Indifferent.　 D．Neutral. [答案]　1－2　CB Words and Phrases 　discriminate v．歧视；
区别，辨别 [教材P41]　However，some people are less optimistic，and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement. 然而，一些人不那么乐观，他们认为这是歧视不属于Good Deal运动的生产者。

[例1]　 It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion. 因种族、性别或宗教信仰而实行歧视是非法的。

[例2]　A number of features discriminate this species from others. 有些特征使这一物种与其他物种区别开来。

[造句]　法律绝不歧视穷人偏袒富人。

The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich. [知识拓展] discriminate against 　 歧视；
排斥；
人身攻击；
区别 discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B 区分A和B discriminate in favour of sb. 偏袒某人 discrimination n. 歧视；
偏袒；
区别；
识别 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Women complain that employers discriminate against female workers when calculating their rank and pay. ②It is unfair to discriminate between black people and white people. ③The Pope said the right to food was a right for all human beings without discrimination(discriminate)． 　superior adj.(品质、价值)较好的；
地位较高地，上级的；
(在数量上)占多数的，占优势的；
不受……左右的，不屈服的 n．长官；
长辈；

前辈；

优越的人 [教材P41]　This kind of Coffee has special features：superior，smooth blend，with mild flavour. 这种咖啡的特点是：品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和。

[例1]　He is superior to the other man. 他比另一个男子级别高。

[例2]　That army won because of superior numbers. 那支军队以人多取胜。

[造句]　你在这项技术上一定胜过我。

You must be superior to me in this skill. [知识拓展] A is superior to B＝A＇s superiority to B 　　　　　　　　 A高于或好于B superiority n. 优越；
优先权 superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级形式。表示“两者的比较”，用“superior to”，而不能用“superior than”。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①This model is technically superior to its competitors. ②He won the competition with obvious superiority (superior)． 　sorrow n．悲伤；
悲痛；
悲哀；
伤心事；
悲伤事 v．感到(或表示)悲伤 [教材P44]　Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows with others. 家长和老师不断提醒我们，要和别人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆，有时甚至是悲伤。

[例1]　It was a time of great sorrow. 这是一个非常悲伤的时刻。

[例2]　Words cannot express my sorrow. 言语无法表达我的哀伤。

[造句]　 听到她的死讯，他表示哀伤。

He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death. [知识拓展] (1)joys and sorrows 　 悲欢 (2)to one＇s sorrow 让某人伤心的是 more in sorrow than in anger 悲哀多于愤怒 (3)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的 [即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空 ①They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger(与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤)． ②To my sorrow my car broke down. 　take off(飞机)起飞；
开始成功；
脱去(衣服等)；
摘掉；
匆匆离开；
休假 [教材P44]　The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas. 共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。

[例1]　They need to expand the number of farmers who are involved if the scheme＇s going to really take off. 这个方案要想真正成功，他们就需要增加参与的农场主的人数。

[例2]　In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took off. 1944年，他结识了伊迪思·比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。

[造句]　 在第三部电影之后，他的电影表演事业开始有起色了。

After his third film，his career of film performance took off. [知识拓展] take sth.away 　　　 解除，消除(感情，痛苦等) take sb./sth.back 与……重归于好；
收回；
带回；
使回 想起 take down 写下，记下；
拆卸 take in 吸收；
理解；
欺骗；
收留 take on 具有，呈现；
担任，承担；
雇用 take up 举(拿、捡、拔)起；
占据；
从事 take over 接管；
接任；
控制 [即学即练]　写出下列句中take off的含义 ①Three planes were standing on the runway，waiting to take off. 起飞 ②I wish you＇d take off that hat when you are in the classroom. 摘掉 ③Congratulations，Paulo! Now maybe you can take a few days off. 休假 ④He took off because of his good performance. 开始成功 ⑤The six boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 匆匆离开 　cut down削减；
减少使用；
砍倒；
夺去……的生命 [教材P45]　What＇s more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste. 更重要的是，分享鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少浪费。

[例1]　If you spend more than your income，can you try to cut down? 如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？ [例2]　Cut down on animal fats found in red meat，hard cheeses and so on. 减少摄入存在于红肉、硬干酪等中的动物脂肪。

[造句]　汽车制造业缩减了生产量。

The car industry cut down production. [知识拓展] cut in 　　　 插话；
让(某人)分享利润 cut up 打伤；
使伤心 cut out 删除；
裁剪 cut through 开辟 cut off 切断；
中止；
隔绝；
剥夺继承权 [即学即练]　写出下列句中cut down的含义/单句语法填空 ①My uncle hasn＇t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut down. 减少 ②This article is too long，and you have to cut it down to 1，000 words. 删减 ③Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment. 砍倒 ④Hunger，cold and illness cut down many of the villagers. 夺去……的生命 ⑤We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power. ⑥It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking. 　case n．具体情况；
事例；
实例；
实情；
事实；
特殊情况；
盒子；
案例；
伤员 [教材P45]　As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. 正如世界各地新的经济活动领域经常出现的情况一样，共享经济的发展速度超过了现有的法规或持续的监管。

[例1]　If that is the case(＝ if the situation described is true)，we need more staff. 如果真是那样，那我们就需要更多的员工了。

[例2]　It is simply not the case that prison conditions are improving. 监狱条件得到改善的情况绝非事实。

[造句]　他的钱全部输光，真有其事吗？ Is it the case that he has lost all his money? [知识拓展] (1)in sb.＇s case 　 就某人的情况而言 (2)in that case 如果是那样的话 in case 以防万一 in case of 要是……，在……的时候 the case 事实 in any case 无论如何；
不管怎样 [即学即练]　写出下列句中case/the case的含义/单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free，but that is not the case. 事实 ②These ideas can be true in certain cases，but very wrong in others. 情况 ③To attract more visitors，the museum displayed the exhibition sunglass cases. 盒子 ④Judging from the whole process，it was a typical case of bad management. 案例 ⑤Fortunately，the most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident. 伤员 ⑥There＇s no point complaining now—we＇re leaving tomorrow in any case. ⑦You＇d better take the keys in case I＇m out(以防万一我不在家)． 　expense n．费用；
经费；
损失，牺牲 [教材P45]　Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies. 一些公司正在利用这种不公平的情况来扩大其市场份额，往往以牺牲更多的传统和老牌公司为代价。

[例1]　I spare no expense to collect the paintings by Picasso. 我不惜花费巨资收藏毕加索的画。

[例2]　Our expenses far outweigh our income. 我们的支出远超我们的收入。

[造句]　他自己筹措支付所有的学费。

He paid all the school expenses by himself. [知识拓展] at one＇s own expense 　 用自费 at the public expense 用公费 living expenses 生活费 at any expense 不管花多少钱；
不管牺牲多大 at the expense of a person 用(某人)的费用；
麻烦(某人) at the expense of 牺牲；
付出……的代价 expensive adj. 昂贵的，花钱的 it is expensive ＋ to do ……是很花钱的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①She gave a concert at her brother＇s expense. ②He secured fame and wealth at the expense of his health. ③It is expensive to travel (travel)by plane. 段落大意题 段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。设问形式常有：
(1)What does the last paragraph talk about? (2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ． 解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意 (1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句。

(2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾。

[典例]　 ... Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables，crowding，high prices—don＇t necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they＇re profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant＇s reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet＇s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier. ★What does the paragraph talk about? A．Tips to attract more customers. B．Problems restaurants are faced with. C．Ways to improve restaurants＇ reputation. D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants. D　[根据文章第一句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’ tables，crowding，high prices—don＇t necessarily.”可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。] [对点训练]　 A ... A separate concert，“Songs We Love”，found Bridgewater singing less politically charged (but still exciting) fare like “St.James Infirmary”，which appears on her most recent album.In words as well as music，this period reveals how seriously Bridgewater takes that responsibility，seeing as how it connects to her own experience in the jazz lineage.But maybe “seriously” isn＇t the right word when it comes to Dee Dee，whose effervescence(欢腾，活泼) shines through even in a reflective mood.Join her here for a while；
she＇s excellent company，no more or less so now that mastery is officially a part of her resume. ★What does the paragraph mainly talk about? A．Bridgewater＇s music theme. B．Bridgewater＇s music experience. C．Bridgewater＇s personal characters. D．Bridgewater＇s great achievements. A　[段落大意题。根据第一句中的“singing less politically charged...”可知，她的歌曲政治味不太强烈，故本段主要讲了布里姬沃特的音乐主题。] B There is a breakthrough in building aircraft.Bendable wings covered with overlapping(部分重叠) pieces resembling fish sizes could be used to build swifter，fuel-efficient aircraft，a new study finds. Nowadays，conventional aircraft typically rely on ailerons(副翼) to help control the way the planes tip as they fly.However，when the Wright brothers flew the first airplane，Flyer 1，over a century ago，they used no ailerons but wires and pulleys that twisted the wood-and-canvas wings，to control the plane. Scientists have long sought to develop aircraft that can alter their wings during the flight，just as birds can.However，most previous attempts have failed because they relied on heavy mechanical control structures within the wings.These structures were also complex and unreliable，said Neil Gershenfeld，a physicist and director of the Center for Bits and Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)． The new wing consists of a system of tiny，strong，lightweight modules.The shape of the wing can be changed uniformly along its length using two small motors，which apply a twisting pressure to each wingtip.These wings are covered in “skins” of overlapping strips of flexible material resembling fish sizes.These strips move across each other as the wings alter，providing a smooth outer surface，the researchers explained. ★What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The shape of the new wings. B．The result of the tested wings. C．The function of the small motors. D．The working principle of the new wings. D　[段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要讲述了新机翼的工作原理。故选D。]